G.O.P. Revives Plan to Sell Public Land for Housing 共和黨又想賣國有地 面積數百萬英畝


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2025/08/01 第548期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 G.O.P. Revives Plan to Sell Public Land for Housing 共和黨又想賣國有地 面積數百萬英畝
Protests in Europe Target Mass Tourism With Squirt Guns and Roller Bags 歐民眾用水槍和拉桿箱 抗議觀光人潮
紐時周報精選
 
G.O.P. Revives Plan to Sell Public Land for Housing 共和黨又想賣國有地 面積數百萬英畝
文/Brad Plumer
譯/羅方妤

共和黨又想賣國有地 面積數百萬英畝

Senate Republicans are resurrecting a plan to sell millions of acres of federal lands as part of President Donald Trump's giant tax and spending bill, setting up a fight within the party.

美國聯邦參議院共和黨籍議員正在重啟出售數百萬英畝聯邦土地的計畫,當作總統川普龐大減稅和支出法案的配套,勢將引發內訌。

The proposal would require the Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service to identify and sell between 2.2 million and 3.3 million acres of public lands across 11 Western states to build housing.

該提議將要求土地管理局和美國林務局確認並出售橫跨美西11州共220萬至330萬英畝的公有地以興建住宅。

Past efforts to auction off public land have enraged conservationists and have also proved contentious with some Republicans. A smaller proposal to sell around 500,000 acres of federal land in Utah and Nevada was stripped from the House version of the tax bill last month after opposition from Rep. Ryan Zinke, R-Mont., a former interior secretary.

先前拍賣公有土地的做法激怒了保育人士,也在一些共和黨員間引發爭論。一項規模較小的提議,也就是出售猶他州和內華達州共50萬英畝的聯邦土地,遭前內政部長、共和黨籍聯邦眾議員辛基反對後,在上月從眾院版本的稅務法案中被刪除。

"This was my San Juan Hill; I do not support the widespread sale or transfer of public lands," Zinke said last month. "Once the land is sold, we will never get it back."

辛基上月說:「這是我的聖胡安山(譯註:美西戰爭重大戰役);我不支持大規模出售或移轉公有土地。一旦賣出就再也拿不回來。」

The new plan to sell public lands was included in draft legislation issued Wednesday by the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee that is part of Trump's "big, beautiful bill." The draft envisions raising as much as $10 billion by selling land for housing in Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming over the next five years.

新的公有土地出售計畫被納入參院能源和自然資源委員會周三發布的法案草案,是川普「又大又美法案」的一部分。這份草案期望在未來5年內,藉由銷售阿拉斯加州、亞利桑那州、加州、科羅拉多州、愛達荷州、內華達州、新墨西哥州、俄勒岡州、猶他州、華盛頓州和懷俄明州住宅用地,籌措資金高達100億美元。

Notably, Zinke's home state of Montana was left off the list.

值得注意的是,辛基的家鄉蒙大拿州沒被列入名單。

Sen. Mike Lee, R-Utah, who leads the energy committee, said the move would turn "federal liabilities into taxpayer value, while making housing more affordable for hardworking American families."

領導參院能源委員會的共和黨籍猶他州聯邦參議員麥克.李稱,這項舉措將「把聯邦債務轉化為納稅人的錢,同時興建讓努力工作的美國家庭更能負擔的住宅」。

The draft legislation requires that the public lands be sold "for the development of housing or to address associated community needs," and gives the secretaries of interior and agriculture leeway to define that.

這項草案要求被出售的公有土地「用於住宅開發和處理關於社區的需求」,並給予內政部長和農業部長定義這一用途的自由裁量權。

A fact sheet issued by the committee said that the two federal agencies would be selling between 0.5% and 0.75% of their holdings, which amount to roughly 438 million acres, and would prioritize land within 5 miles of existing population centers. The bill would exempt national parks, national monuments and designated wilderness areas.

委員會發布的情況說明書表示,這兩個聯邦機構將出售其持有的約4.38億英畝土地中的0.5%至0.75%,並優先考慮現有人口中心5英里範圍內的土地。該法案將排除國家公園、國家紀念碑和畫定荒野區域。

Environmental groups denounced the proposal.

環保團體譴責這項提案。

"This is a shameless ploy to sell off pristine public lands for trophy homes and gated communities that will do nothing to address the affordable housing shortage in the West," said Jennifer Rokala, executive director of the Center for Western Priorities, a conservation advocacy group.

環保倡議團體「西部優先中心」執行董事珍妮佛.羅卡拉表示:「這是個無恥的花招,出售原始土地興建豪宅和封閉社區,無助於處理美國西部可負擔住宅短缺問題。

 
Protests in Europe Target Mass Tourism With Squirt Guns and Roller Bags 歐民眾用水槍和拉桿箱 抗議觀光人潮
文/Gabe Castro-Root
譯/羅方妤

歐民眾用水槍和拉桿箱 抗議觀光人潮

The squirt guns returned to the streets of Barcelona, Spain, on Sunday as thousands gathered for long-planned protests against mass tourism in cities across southern Europe.

西班牙巴塞隆納的街頭周日再次出現射水槍抗議,數千人聚集抗議南歐城市長期以來的觀光人潮。

In Genoa, Italy, demonstrators rolled suitcases down the city center's narrow paved streets, as part of what they called a "noisy stroll." In Lisbon, protesters carried a handmade effigy of the city's patron saint from his namesake church to the site of a future five-star hotel. And on the Spanish island of Mallorca, locals stopped a double-decker tourist bus Saturday, setting off flares and hanging a banner on its side.

在義大利熱那亞,抗議者拉著行李箱走在狹窄的石板街上,象徵一場他們稱為「吵鬧散步」的行動;葡萄牙里斯本的示威者則扛著象徵城市守護聖人的手工偶像,從教堂抬到預定興建五星飯店的工地;而在西班牙馬略卡島,當地居民周六攔下一輛觀光巴士,點燃照明彈,並在車側懸掛抗議布條。

In Barcelona, the center of recent protests against overtourism in European cities, demonstrators carrying signs reading "Tourists go home" and "Tourism is stealing from us" marched down the city's so-called Golden Mile, a street flanked by luxury boutiques and high-end hotels, spraying visitors with water outside a Louis Vuitton store. Outside a nearby hostel, a scuffle broke out with employees, with some protesters setting off fireworks. A police barricade stopped the march near the Sagrada Família Basilica, one of the city's main tourist attractions.

作為歐洲反觀光抗議的核心城市,巴塞隆納的群眾高舉「觀光客滾回去」、「觀光正在掠奪我們」等標語,沿著奢華精品與高級飯店林立的「黃金大道」遊行,並在路易威登門口朝遊客潑水。在附近一家青年旅館外,有人與員工發生肢體衝突,並施放煙火,警方最終在聖家堂附近設置封鎖線制止人潮。

The protests are the latest in a growing movement driven by quality-of-life issues, including high housing costs and environmental damage, that protest organizers say are a result of overtourism.

這波抗議是日益擴大的社會運動之一,訴求生活品質,包括房價高漲與環境破壞等問題,抗議者認為這些皆為觀光過度所導致的後果。

"The problem is the tourism model itself: It's all about serving drinks, about real estate and the hotel industry," said Joan Mas, a 31-year-old waiter living in Barcelona.

住在巴塞隆納的31歲服務生馬斯表示:「問題在觀光業模式本身,本質就是賣酒、炒房與觀光產業」。

Tourism accounts for more than 12% of Spain's gross domestic product.

觀光產業占西班牙國內生產毛額的比重超過12%。

Organizers emphasized before the protests Sunday that their goal was to raise awareness about the negative impacts of their cities' growing focus on catering to tourists rather than locals.

周日抗議登場前,主辦單位強調,他們的目的是喚起大眾意識到城市迎合遊客、犧牲居民生活的負面影響。

"Our enemy is not the tourist, but the speculators and the exploiters who hide behind tourism to profit from the housing and lives of the local population," said Asier Basurto, who helped organize Sunday's protest in San Sebastián, a resort city on Spain's northern coast.

協助組織周日在西班牙北海岸度假城市聖塞巴斯提安抗議的巴蘇爾托表示:「我們的敵人不是觀光客,而是躲在觀光業背後,從當地居民住房和生活得力的投機者和剝削者。」

Protests also took place on the popular Spanish resort islands of Mallorca, Minorca and Ibiza. Those islands, with a population of just over 1 million, hosted more than 15 million international tourists in 2024.

熱門西班牙度假勝地馬略卡島、梅諾卡島和伊比薩島也有抗議舉行。這些島嶼的人口僅略多於100萬,卻在2024年接待了超過1500萬人次的國際觀光客。

International arrivals in Europe were up nearly 5% in the first part of this year compared with the same period in 2024.

今年上半年抵達歐洲的國際旅客比2024年同期增加了近5%。

 
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