Social Media Companies Still Abet Election Denialism 社群媒體宣稱打假遭批光說不練


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讀紐時學英文
2022/10/28 第406期 訂閱/退訂看歷史報份
 
 
紐時周報精選 Social Media Companies Still Abet Election Denialism 社群媒體宣稱打假遭批光說不練
Apple Feels the Sting From an Oscar Slap 奧斯卡巴掌事件殃及蘋果新片
紐時周報精選
 
Social Media Companies Still Abet Election Denialism 社群媒體宣稱打假遭批光說不練
文/Steven Lee Myers
譯/莊蕙嘉

The major social media companies all say they are ready to deal with a torrent of misinformation surrounding the midterm elections in November.

主要的社群媒體公司都說,關於11月期中選舉的錯誤資訊洪流,他們已準備好要處理。

A report released on Monday, however, claimed that they continued to undermine the integrity of the vote by allowing election-related conspiracy theories to fester and spread.

然而,一份周一發表的報告宣稱,社群媒體仍持續破壞這次投票的正當性,任由和選舉相關的陰謀論惡化及散播。

In the report, the Stern Center for Business and Human Rights at New York University said the social media companies still host and amplify "election denialism," threatening to further erode confidence in the democratic process.

紐約大學史登企業及人權中心在這份報告裡面表示,社群媒體公司仍然主導並放大「選舉否定主義」,恐將進一步侵蝕對民主過程的信心。

The companies, the report argued, bear a responsibility for the false but widespread belief among conservatives that the 2020 election was fraudulent — and that the coming midterms could be, too. The report joins a chorus of warnings from officials and experts that the results in November could be fiercely, even violently, contended.

報告主張,在保守人士間廣為流傳的錯誤說法,認為2020年大選有弊,即將來臨的期中選舉可能也一樣,這些社群公司要對此負起責任。報告和來自官員和專家的一系列警告,表示11月選舉結果可能發生強烈甚至暴力的爭議。

"The malady of election denialism in the U.S. has become one of the most dangerous byproducts of social media," the report warned, "and it is past time for the industry to do more to address it."

「美國選舉否定主義的弊病,已成為社群媒體最危險的副產品之一。」報告提醒,「而對於這個產業,做得更多來強調這一點,已成為過去式。」

The major platforms — Facebook, Twitter, TikTok and YouTube — have all announced promises or initiatives to combat disinformation ahead of the 2022 midterms, saying they were committed to protecting the election process. But the report said those measures were ineffective, haphazardly enforced or simply too limited.

包括臉書、推特、TikTok和YouTube,這些主要平台皆宣布在2022期中選舉前打擊假訊息的要點或計畫,表示他們承諾保護選舉過程。但是報告說,那些措施不管用、執行不確實或是限制太多。

Facebook, for example, announced it would ban ads that called into question the legitimacy of the coming elections, but it exempted politicians from its fact-checking program. That, the report says, allows candidates and other influential leaders to undermine confidence in the vote by questioning ballot procedures or other rules.

例如,臉書宣布,質疑這次即將來臨選舉合法性的廣告將被禁止,但其事實查核平台卻排除政治人物。報告說,此舉允許候選人和其他具影響力的領袖,藉由質疑投票程序和其他規定破壞對投票的信任。

The New York University report, which incorporated responses from all the companies except YouTube, called for greater transparency in how companies rank, recommend and remove content. It also said they should enhance fact-checking efforts and remove provably untrue claims, and not simply label them false or questionable.

這份紐約大學報告,納入除了YouTube以外所有公司的回應,呼籲各公司在如何排序、推薦及移除內容上更透明。報告也說,公司應該加強事實查核的嘗試,移除可證明的不實說法,而不僅是將它們標示為錯誤或有疑問。

A spokeswoman for Twitter, Elizabeth Busby, said the company was undertaking a multifaceted approach to ensuring reliable information about elections. That includes efforts to "pre-bunk" false information and to "reduce the visibility of potentially misleading claims via labels."

推特發言人伊莉莎白.巴斯比說,該公司正進行一個多面向的方法,確保選舉的可信資訊,包括「提前破解」假訊息以及「減少可能具誤導性意見利用主題標籤的能見度」。

In a statement, YouTube said it agreed with "many of the points" made in the report and had already implemented many of its recommendations.

YouTube在聲明中說,同意報告中的「許多論點」,且已實行其多項建議。

TikTok did not respond to a request for comment.

TikTok則未回應評論要求。

 

 
Apple Feels the Sting From an Oscar Slap 奧斯卡巴掌事件殃及蘋果新片
文/Nicole Sperling
譯/莊蕙嘉

Apple Feels the Sting From an Oscar Slap

奧斯卡巴掌事件殃及蘋果新片

Apple has a Will Smith problem.

蘋果有個威爾史密斯的麻煩。

Smith is the star of "Emancipation," a film set during the Civil War era that Apple envisioned as a surefire Oscar contender when it wrapped filming earlier this year. But that was before Smith strode onto the stage at the Academy Awards in March and slapped comedian Chris Rock, who had made a joke about Smith's wife, Jada Pinkett Smith.

史密斯是「解放」(暫譯)的主角,這部設定於南北戰爭期間的電影今年初拍攝殺青時,蘋果視為奧斯卡必勝參賽者,但那是在3月的奧斯卡頒獎典禮前。史密斯在典禮時走上舞台,掌摑喜劇演員克里斯洛克,因為他開了史密斯妻子、潔達蘋姬史密斯的玩笑。

Will Smith, who also won best actor that night, has since surrendered his membership in the Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences and has been banned from attending any Academy-related events, including the Oscar telecast, for the next decade.

威爾史密斯那晚贏得最佳男主角獎,那之後他退回美國影藝學院會員資格,且被禁止未來十年參加所有學院相關活動,包括奧斯卡獎。

Now Apple finds itself left with a $120 million unreleased awards-style movie featuring a star no longer welcome at the biggest award show of them all and a big question: Can the film, even if it succeeds artistically, overcome the baggage that now accompanies Smith?

現在蘋果發現,它花1.2億美元拍攝這部符合奧斯卡得獎風格的未上映電影,片中明星在這個最大獎項會場卻已不再受歡迎。一個很大問題是:即使在藝術上成功了,這部電影如今能夠克服史密斯帶來的包袱嗎?

According to three people involved with the film who spoke on condition of anonymity to discuss the company's planning, there have been discussions inside Apple to release "Emancipation" by the end of the year, which would make it eligible for awards consideration. Variety reported in May, however, that the film's release would be pushed into 2023.

要求匿名談論蘋果公司計畫的三名參與電影人士說,蘋果內部曾討論在今年底前上映「解放」,好讓電影符合獎項考慮資格。然而,「綜藝」雜誌5月報導,電影上映可能推遲到2023年。

When asked for this article how and when it planned to release "Emancipation," Apple declined to comment.

當被問到計畫如何及何時上映「解放」時,蘋果拒絕置評。

"Emancipation," directed by Antoine Fuqua ("Training Day") and with a script by William Collage, is based on the true story of a slave known as "Whipped Peter,"who joined the Union Army while still in the South.

「解放」由「震撼教育」導演安東尼法奎執導,編劇為比爾克爾吉,根據一名叫做「鞭傷彼得」的奴隸,在南方加入聯邦軍的真實故事改編。

Apple set up a general audience test screening of "Emancipation" in Chicago earlier this year, according to three people with knowledge of the event who spoke on condition of anonymity because they were not permitted to discuss it publicly. They said it generated an overwhelmingly positive reaction, specifically for Smith's performance, which one of the people called "volcanic." Audience members, during the after-screening feedback, said they were not turned off by Smith's recent public behavior.

根據三名知曉活動、但不被允許公開談論此事而匿名的人士表示,蘋果今年初在芝加哥進行一場針對一般大眾的「解放」試映。他們說,電影得到驚人的正面反應,特別是史密斯的演技,有人形容為「有如火山爆發」。在試映結束後的觀眾回饋中,有人說他們不會因為史密斯最近的公開行為而討厭他。

Smith largely disappeared from public view following the Oscars. But in July, he released a video on his YouTube channel in which he said he was "deeply remorseful" for his behavior and apologized directly to Rock and his family.

奧斯卡獎典禮後,史密斯幾乎自公眾目光中消失。但他7月在自己的YouTube頻道上傳一段影片,表示對自己的行為「深感悔恨」,並直接向洛克及其家人道歉。

 

 
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